Loss of p21(CIP1/WAF1) does not recapitulate accelerated malignant conversion caused by p53 loss in experimental skin carcinogenesis

The p21(CIP1/WAF1) protein is considered a downstream effector of tumor suppression by p53, We have previously demonstrated that p53 null keratinocytes have lower basal p21(CIP1/WAF1) mRNA levels and that tumors derived from these cells following transduction with the v-ras(Ha) oncogene grow faster than wildtype keratinocytes and rapidly progress to undifferentiated carcinomas (Cancer Res 54: 5584-5592, 1994), In this study, primary keratinocytes differing in p21(CIP1/WAF1) gene dose were transduced with v-ras(Ha) encoding retrovirus and grafted to nude mouse hosts to test whether the p53 null phenotype is mediated through p21(CIP1/WAF1). Resulting tumors from all genotypes were well differentiated papillomas; focal carcinomas were observed in 43, 30 and 44% of papillomas derived from +/+, +/- and -/- keratinocytes, respectively, p21(CIP1/WAF1) deficient keratinocytes expressing v-ras(Ha) do not display the degree of increased growth observed in p53 deficient tumors irt vivo or the decreased responsiveness to negative growth regulation by Ca2+ in vitro. These results suggest that p21(CIP1/WAF1) does not regulate the differentiated phenotype or malignant progression of v-ras(Ha) initiated keratinocytes and that additional functions of the p53 protein other than transcriptional regulation Of the p21(CIP1/WAF1) gene are required for p53 mediated tumor suppression.