Singularities in vectoral fields

Novel approach for the analysis of singularities in vector fields has been proposed. The essence of this approach is scalar consideration of the phase vortices at the orthogonal field components. The new type of vortices are introduced, namely the phase-difference vortices. The sign principle for the phase-difference vortices is formulated. An interconnection between the characteristics of the complete system of phase vortices associated with orthogonal geld components, the behavior of an azimuth of a linearly polarized electrical field at an s-contour, and the polarization singularities, dislocations is established. The feasibility for comprehensive estimation of the characteristics of temporal singularities based on the measurement of the stationary field parameters is shown both theoretically and experimentally. Some elementary polarization situations are analyzed on the basis of the developed approach. The obtained results are extended to the case of quasi-uniform in polarization fields.