Effects of time on the shear bond strength of glass ionomer and composite orthodontic adhesives

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of time on the shear bond strength of a resin-reinforced glass ionomer and a composite adhesive system specifically (1) within half an hour after bonding the bracket to the tooth and (2) at least 24 hours from the time of bonding when the adhesive has achieved most of its bond strength, Ninety-one freshly extracted human molars were collected and stored in a solution of 0.1% (weight/volume) thymol, The teeth were cleaned and polished, The teeth were randomly separated into four groups: Group I, glass ionomer adhesive debonded within 30 minutes from initial bonding; Group II, glass ionomer adhesive debonded after 24 hours immersion in deionized water at 37 degrees C; Group Ill, composite adhesive debonded within 30 minutes from initial bonding; Group IV, composite adhesive debonded after 24 hours immersion in deionized water at 37 degrees C. The results of the analysis of variance comparing the 4 experimental groups (F = 59.3) indicated the presence of significant differences between the 4 groups (P = .0001). In general, the shear bond strengths were significantly greater in the 2 groups debonded after 24 hours. This was true for both the resin-modified glass ionomer ((x) over bar = 8.8 +/- 3.6 MPa) and the composite ((x) over bar = 10.4 +/- 2.8 MPa) adhesives. On the other hand, the shear bond strengths were significantly lower in the 2 groups debonded within 30 minutes of their initial bonding. The bond strength of the resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive ((x) over bar = 0.4 +/- 1.0 MPa) was significantly lower than that for the composite ((x) over bar = 5.2 +/- 2.9 MPa) adhesive. The present findings indicated that the resin reinforced glass ionomer adhesive has a significantly lower initial bond strength but increased more than 20-fold within 24 hours. In comparison, the composite adhesive has a significantly larger initial bond strength that doubled within 24 hours. The clinician needs to take these properties into consideration when ligating the initial arch wires.