Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans

被引:1133
作者
Ristow, Michael [1 ,2 ]
Zarse, Kim [1 ]
Oberbach, Andreas [3 ]
Kloeting, Nora [3 ]
Birringer, Marc [1 ]
Kiehntopf, Michael [4 ]
Stumvoll, Michael [3 ]
Kahn, C. Ronald [5 ]
Blueher, Matthias [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Jena, Inst Nutr, Dept Human Nutr, D-07743 Jena, Germany
[2] German Inst Human Nutr, D-14558 Potsdam, Germany
[3] Univ Leipzig, Dept Med, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
[4] Univ Jena, Inst Clin Chem & Lab Med, D-07743 Jena, Germany
[5] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Joslin Diabet Ctr, Div Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA
关键词
aging; hormesis; insulin resistance; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TYPE-2; DIABETES-MELLITUS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; VITAMIN-E; RISK; SUPPLEMENTATION;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.0903485106
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Exercise promotes longevity and ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. However, exercise also increases mitochondrial formation of presumably harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidants are widely used as supplements but whether they affect the health-promoting effects of exercise is unknown. We evaluated the effects of a combination of vitamin C (1000 mg/day) and vitamin E (400 IU/day) on insulin sensitivity as measured by glucose infusion rates (GIR) during a hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp in previously untrained (n = 19) and pretrained (n = 20) healthy young men. Before and after a 4 week intervention of physical exercise, GIR was determined, and muscle biopsies for gene expression analyses as well as plasma samples were obtained to compare changes over baseline and potential influences of vitamins on exercise effects. Exercise increased parameters of insulin sensitivity (GIR and plasma adiponectin) only in the absence of antioxidants in both previously untrained (P < 0.001) and pretrained (P < 0.001) individuals. This was paralleled by increased expression of ROS-sensitive transcriptional regulators of insulin sensitivity and ROS defense capacity, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), and PPAR gamma coactivators PGC1 alpha and PGC1 beta only in the absence of antioxidants (P < 0.001 for all). Molecular mediators of endogenous ROS defense (superoxide dismutases 1 and 2; glutathione peroxidase) were also induced by exercise, and this effect too was blocked by antioxidant supplementation. Consistent with the concept of mitohormesis, exercise-induced oxidative stress ameliorates insulin resistance and causes an adaptive response promoting endogenous antioxidant defense capacity. Supplementation with antioxidants may preclude these health-promoting effects of exercise in humans.
引用
收藏
页码:8665 / 8670
页数:6
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