Chemokines are produced in the brain early during the course of experimental African trypanosomiasis

African trypanosomiasis is characterized by progressive central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Using single and double immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the induction of alpha- and beta-chemokines in brains of Sprague-Dawley rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. b. brucei) and identified their cellular source. The results showed high production of MIP-2, RANTES and MIP-1 alpha and to a lower extend MCP-1 in infected animals compared to controls. MIP-2, RANTES and MIP-1 alpha were produced early by astrocytes and microglia and later by macrophages and T-cells. These findings suggest that chemokines may contribute to the immunopathogenesis that occurs in the CNS early during infections. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.