Whole-grain intake is favorably associated with metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study

被引:367
作者
McKeown, NM
Meigs, JB
Liu, SM
Wilson, PWF
Jacques, PF
机构
[1] Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA
[2] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[3] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[4] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA USA
[5] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA
[6] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[7] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA USA
[8] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA USA
[9] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
关键词
whole grains; refined grains; risk factors; survey; Framingham Offspring Study; food-frequency questionnaire; type; 2; diabetes; cardiovascular disease;
D O I
10.1093/ajcn/76.2.390
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
Background: The influence of whole grains on cardiovascular disease risk may be mediated through multiple pathways, eg, a reduction in blood lipids and blood pressure, an enhancement of insulin sensitivity, and an improvement in blood glucose control. Objective: The objective was to examine the association between diets rich in whole- or refined-grain foods and several metabolic markers of disease risk in the Framingham Offspring Study cohort. Design: Whole-grain intake and metabolic risk markers were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 2941 subjects. Results: After adjustment for potential confounding factors, whole-grain intake was inversely associated with body mass index ((x) over bar: 26.9 in the lowest and 26.4 in the highest quintile of intake; P for trend = 0.06), waist-to-hip ratio (0.92 and 0.91, respectively; P for trend = 0.005), total cholesterol (5.20 and 5.09 mmol/L, respectively; P for trend = 0.06), LDL cholesterol (3.16 and 3.04 mmol/L, respectively; P for trend = 0.02), and fasting insulin (205 and 199 pmol/L, respectively; P for trend = 0.03). There were no significant trends in metabolic risk factor concentrations across quintile categories of refined-grain intake. The inverse association between whole-grain intake and fasting insulin was most striking among overweight participants. The association between wholegrain intake and fasting insulin was attenuated after adjustment for dietary fiber and magnesium. Conclusion: Increased intakes of whole grains may reduce disease risk by means of favorable effects on metabolic risk factors.
引用
收藏
页码:390 / 398
页数:9
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