Neurofeedback in ADHD and insomnia: Vigilance stabilization through sleep spindles and circadian networks

被引:53
作者
Arns, Martijn [1 ,2 ]
Kenemans, J. Leon [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Utrecht, Dept Expt Psychol, Utrecht, Netherlands
[2] Res Inst Brainclin, NL-6524 AD Nijmegen, Netherlands
关键词
Neurofeedback; Sleep onset insomnia; Idiopathic insomnia; ADHD; Epilepsy; Insomnia; Circadian phase delay; Sleep spindles; Sigma; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SLOW CORTICAL POTENTIALS; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; RAPID EYE-MOVEMENT; EEG-VIGILANCE; SELF-REGULATION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; SUBSEQUENT RECOVERY;
D O I
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.10.006
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
010107 [宗教学]; 030301 [社会学]; 070906 [古生物学及地层学(含古人类学)];
摘要
In this review article an overview of the history and current status of neurofeedback for the treatment of ADHD and insomnia is provided. Recent insights suggest a central role of circadian phase delay, resulting in sleep onset insomnia (SOI) in a sub-group of ADHD patients. Chronobiological treatments, such as melatonin and early morning bright light, affect the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This nucleus has been shown to project to the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) thereby explaining the vigilance stabilizing effects of such treatments in ADHD. It is hypothesized that both Sensori-Motor Rhythm (SMR) and Slow-Cortical Potential (SCP) neurofeedback impact on the sleep spindle circuitry resulting in increased sleep spindle density, normalization of SOI and thereby affect the noradrenergic LC, resulting in vigilance stabilization. After SOI is normalized, improvements on ADHD symptoms will occur with a delayed onset of effect. Therefore, clinical trials investigating new treatments in ADHD should include assessments at follow-up as their primary endpoint rather than assessments at outtake. Furthermore, an implication requiring further study is that neurofeedback could be stopped when SOI is normalized, which might result in fewer sessions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:183 / 194
页数:12
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