Visual stimulation elicits locked and induced gamma oscillations in monkey intracortical- and EEG-potentials, but not in human EEG

Stimulus-related fast oscillations in the gamma-range (30-100 Hz) were clearly demonstrated with microelectrode recordings in visual cortex of awake monkeys, and they were also reported for recordings of human electroencephalograms (EEG). However, the presence of stimulus-related gamma-modulation in human EEG has repeatedly been disputed. To clarify this dispute, we recorded the scalp EEG of man and monkey as well as intracortical field potentials (LFP) from monkey primary visual cortex (V1) during identical visual stimulation (large-field sinusoidal gratings, which proved to induce the largest gamma-amplitudes in monkey V1 and V2). We found a strong stimulus-related increase of gamma-oscillations in monkey LFP and EEG, but no modulation of gamma-activity in human EEG. In contrast to previous results, gamma-oscillations in the monkey were strongly phase-locked to stimulus onsets in early response periods (80-160 ms) and became gradually independent in later periods. Our negative result on gamma-modulation in human subjects contradicts several published findings. We conclude from our results that visually evoked gamma-modulations in humans EEG are not as accessible as in the monkey.