Photostability of organic materials used in polymer solar cells

To make polymer solar cells (PSCs) a competitive market technology, integrated efforts are required toward the development of highly efficient light harvesting and charge transporting materials with good thermal and photochemical stability, and which can be processed from solution. Nowadays, a critical issue to be solved is enhancing the stability and durability of PSCs. Indeed, the photoactive material used in the active layer dictates the efficiency of the device on the one hand but, on the other hand, it is well known that organic materials are unstable when exposed to light irradiation, which provokes a degradation of their properties. Making long lifetime solar cells with polymers that are susceptible to degradation under light exposure could be an unrealistic challenge. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism of polymer photodegradation is a key point for developing strategies to decrease or prevent the loss of the functional properties of the material. In this paper, the basic concepts of polymer photo-aging are explained first. Then the photodegradation mechanisms of conjugated polymers currently used in PSCs are reported. Finally, as barrier materials able to cut off moisture and oxygen ingress are essential for the stability of PSCs, methods for designing coatings for PSC encapsulation are presented, based on recent publications. (C) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry