Endophenazines A∼D, new phenazine antibiotics from the arthropod associated endosymbiont Streptomyces anulatus I.: Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological activities

Four new members of the phenazine family, endophenazines Asimilar toD, and the already known phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (tubermycin B) were detected in the culture broth of various endosymbiotic Streptomyces anulatus strains by chemical screening in a combination of TLC-staining reagents and HPLC-diode array analysis. The endosymbiotic strains were isolated from four different arthropod hosts at various sites. The new phenazine compounds showed antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria and some filamentous fungi, and herbicidal activity against Lemna minor (duckweed).