Assisting manual dolphin identification by computer extraction of dorsal ratio

Marine biologists use a measurement called the "'Dorsal Ratio" in the process of manual identification of bottlenose dolphins. The dorsal ratio denotes the relative distances of the two largest notches from the tip on the dorsal fin. The manual computation of this ratio is time consuming, labor intensive, and user dependent. This paper presents a computer-assisted system to extract the dorsal ratio for use in identification of individual animals. The first component of the system consists of active contour modeling where the trailing edge of the dorsal fin is detected. This is followed by a curvature module to find the characteristic fin points: tip and two most prominent notches. Curvature smoothing is performed at various smoothing scales, and wavelet coefficients are utilized to select an appropriate smoothing scale. The dorsal ratio is then computed from the curvature function at the appropriate: smoothing scale. The system was tested using 296 digitized images of dolphins, representing 94 individual dolphins. The results obtained indicate that the computer extracted dorsal ratio can be used in place of the manually extracted dorsal ratio as part of the manual identification process. (C) 1999 cal Engineering Society. [S0090-6964(99)00906-6].