Electrochemical lithiation synthesis of nanoporous materials with superior catalytic and capacitive activity

被引:224
作者
Hu, Yong-Sheng
Guo, Yu-Guo [1 ]
Sigle, Wilfried
Hore, Sarmimala
Balaya, Palani
Maier, Joachim
机构
[1] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
[2] Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
关键词
D O I
10.1038/nmat1709
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Nanoporous materials have attracted great technological interest during the past two decades, essentially due to their wide range of applications: they are used as catalysts, molecular sieves, separators and gas sensors as well as for electronic and electrochemical devices(1-5). Most syntheses of nanoporous materials reported so far have focused on template-assisted bottom-up processes, including soft templating(6-10) (chelating agents, surfactants, block copolymers and so on) and hard templating(11,12) ( porous alumina, carbon nanotubes and nanoporous materials) methods. Here, we exploit a mechanism implicitly occurring in lithium batteries at deep discharge(13-18) to develop it into a room-temperature template-free method of wide applicability in the synthesis of not only transition metals but also metal oxides with large surface area and pronounced nanoporosity associated with unprecedented properties. The power of this top-down method is demonstrated by the synthesis of nanoporous Pt and RuO2, both exhibiting superior performance: the Pt prepared shows outstanding properties when used as an electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation, and the RuO2, when used as a supercapacitor electrode material, exhibits a distinctly better performance than that previously reported for non-hydrated RuO2.
引用
收藏
页码:713 / 717
页数:5
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