Preparation, characterization and visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped titania nanorods and first-principles study for electronic structures

Fe-doped TiO2 (Fe-TiO2) nanorods were prepared by an impregnating-calcination method using the hydrothermally prepared titanate nanotubes as precursors and Fe(NO3)(3) as dopant. The as-prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N-2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photocatalytic oxidation of acetone in air under visible-light irradiation. The results show that Fe-doping greatly enhance the visible-light photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 nanorods, and when the atomic ratio of Fe/Ti (R-Fe) is in the range of 0.1-1.0%, the photocatalytic activity of the samples is higher than that of Degussa P25 and pure TiO2 nanorods. At R-Fe = 0.5%, the photocatalytic activity of Fe-TiO2 nanorods exceeds that of Degussa P25 by a factor of more than two times. This is ascribed to the fact that the one-dimensional nanostructure can enhance the transfer and transport of charge carrier, the Fe-doping induces the shift of the absorption edge into the visible-light range with the narrowing of the band gap and reduces the recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes. Furthermore, the first-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculation further confirms the red shift of absorption edges and the narrowing of band gap of Fe-TiO2 nanorods. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.