Prediction of maternal and fetal complications in preeclampsia

Introduction. Preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk for maternal and fetal morbidity. The aim of this study was to identify factors predicting for maternal or fetal complications. Material and methods. One hundred and eleven patients with preeclampsia were included. Endpoint variables were maternal and fetal complications. Any of the diagnosis eclampsia, hemolysis elevated liver low platelet (HELLP) syndrome, oliguria or placental abruption was considered a maternal complication. Fetal complications were: small for gestational age (SGA) infant, umbilical artery pH < 7.10 and admittance of the infant to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Independent variables were maternal age, parity, gestational age, renal function, platelet count, liver enzymes and blood pressure. Logistic regression analysis was used for statistical evaluation. Results. The following independent significant predictors were identified: Maternal complication (n = 10) was predicted only by diastolic blood pressure; odds ratio (OR) 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.01-1.25). SGA (n = 21) was associated with maternal prepregnancy weight, OR 0.94 (0.89-0.99) and gestational age at debut of preeclampsia, OR 0.97 (0.94-0.99). NICU admittance (n = 31) was only predicted by gestational age at delivery, OR 0.80 (0.67-0.96). No association was found between any of the independent variables and a low umbilical artery pH (n = 10). Conclusions. In the surveillance of patients with established preeclampsia, the value of strial blood and urine sampling, which is common practice in many obstetrical units, might be questioned.