Evaluation of VIE and PIT tagging methods for juvenile cyprinid fishes

P>Retention and mortality associated with visible implant elastomer (VIE) and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged juvenile chub [Leuciscus cephalus (L.)], dace [Leuciscus leuciscus (L.)] and roach [Rutilus rutilus (L.)] were evaluated. PIT tag retention (96.6-100%) was higher than VIE over the 6-month duration of the experiment. VIE retention was significantly better in the head (96.3-98.8%) than in the fins (78.8-90.9%) the first month after tagging, but the opposite was found after 6 months (head = 21.5-57.5%; fins = 77.2-88.8%). Survival was not significantly different from controls for any treatment, except dace tagged with 23-mm PIT (significantly influenced by mass of fish at tagging) and sham PIT tagged dace, because of initial losses. PIT tags are recommended as the most suitable method for tagging individual juvenile chub, dace and roach based on high retention and survival. VIE implantation in the head (studies < 30 days) and fins (studies > 30 days) could provide a cheap, batch-marking alternative, provided retention rates are monitored.