Mutations of the p53 gene as a prognostic factor in aggressive B-cell lymphoma

Background Mutations of the p53 gene are associated with a poor prognosis in several types of cancer. We investigated the prognostic importance of p53 mutations in patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Methods We examined the relation between the presence or absence of a detectable p53 mutation in lymphoma cells and the response to chemotherapy and overall survival in 102 previously untreated patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Mutations of the p53 gene were identified by polymerase-chain-reaction-mediated analysis of single-strand conformation polymorphisms and by direct sequencing. Results Of 102 cases of aggressive B-cell lymphoma, 22 (22 percent) involved p53 mutations. The rate of complete remission was significantly lower in patients with a tumor carrying a p53 mutation (6 of 22 patients, 27 percent) than in those with the wild-type p53 gene (61 of 80 patients, 76 percent) (P<0.001). Overall survival was significantly lower among patients with p53 mutations than among those with the wild-type p53 gene; the Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival at five years were 16 percent and 64 percent, respectively (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis incorporating prognostic factors from the international prognostic index demonstrated that p53 mutations had independent effects on the rates of complete remission and survival. When we categorized patients according to the international prognostic index, we found no effect of p53 mutations in patients in the groups at high-intermediate and high risk. However, these mutations were significantly associated (P<0.001) with low rates of complete remission (33 percent vs. 91 percent) and survival (27 percent vs. 81 percent at five years) in the groups at low and low-intermediate risk. Conclusions Mutations of the p53 gene are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society.