Naturalizing the problem of evil

I place my analysis and naturalization of the problem of evil in relation to (1) Holmes Rolston's views on disvalues in nature and (2) the challenge posed to theology by environmental philosophy in the work of Frederick Ferre. In the analysis of the problem of evil that follows my discussion of Rolston and Ferre, I first discuss the transformative power for the religious believer of reflection on the problem of evil, using the biblical Job as a case study. I point cut difficulties with Job's particular resolution of the problem of evil and suggest that these difficulties can be satisfactorily addressed by naturalizing spirituality.