Berberine promotes bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation via canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Berberine (BBR) has recently been reported to be extensively used for musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoporosis through enhancing osteogenic differentiation, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption and repressing adipogenesis. Although canonical Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in suppressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) commitment to the chondrogenic and adipogenic lineage and enhancing osteogenic differentiation, no previous reports have shown an association between BBR-induced osteogenesis and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, we aimed to investigate the stimulatory effect and the mechanism of BBR on osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs. MSCs were isolated from bone marrow specimens and treated with different concentration of BBR. Cell viability was measured by the WST-8 assay. Effects of BBR on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs were assessed by von Kossa staining, ALP staining and ALP activity. Osteogenic specific genes, chondrogenic and adipogenic related marker genes were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Western blot and Immunofluorescence staining were performed to analyze OCN and OPN, and beta-catenin expression in the presence or absence of BBR combined with DKK-1 or beta-catenin siRNA transfection. Increasing concentration of BBR (3, 10 and 30 mu M) promoted osteogenic differentiation and osteogenic genes expression after incubation for various days compared with DMSO group, whereas expression levels of chondrogenic and adipogenic related marker genes were dramatically suppressed. After treated with 10 mu M BBR for 7 days, beta-catenin, OPN and OCN expression were significantly induced, which could be effectively suppressed by the addition of DKK-1 or beta-catenin siRNA beta-catenin. Interestingly, the expression level of Runx2 gene was also decreased by inhibiting the transduction of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. These findings suggest that BBR can stimulate osteogenic differentiation of MSCs not only by enhancing Runx2 expression but also by activating canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, and canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is in part responsible for BBR-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. BBR is a potential pharmaceutical medicine by enhancing osteogenic differentiation for bone disorders, such as osteoporosis. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.