Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Denitrification

被引：171

作者：

Mulholland, Patrick J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Hall, Robert O., Jr. ^{[3
]}

Sobota, Daniel J. ^{[4
]}

Dodds, Walter K. ^{[5
]}

Findlay, Stuart E. G. ^{[6
]}

Grimm, Nancy B. ^{[7
]}

Hamilton, Stephen K. ^{[8
]}

McDowell, William H. ^{[9
]}

O'Brien, Jonathan M. ^{[8
]}

Tank, Jennifer L. ^{[10
]}

Ashkenas, Linda R. ^{[4
]}

Cooper, Lee W. ^{[2
]}

Dahm, Clifford N. ^{[11
]}

Gregory, Stanley V. ^{[4
]}

Johnson, Sherri L. ^{[12
]}

Meyer, Judy L. ^{[13
]}

Peterson, Bruce J. ^{[14
]}

Poole, Geoffrey C. ^{[13
,15
]}

Valett, H. Maurice ^{[16
]}

Webster, Jackson R. ^{[16
]}

Arango, Clay P. ^{[10
]}

Beaulieu, Jake J. ^{[10
]}

Bernot, Melody J. ^{[17
]}

Burgin, Amy J. ^{[8
]}

Crenshaw, Chelsea L. ^{[11
]}

Helton, Ashley M. ^{[13
]}

Johnson, Laura T. ^{[10
]}

Niederlehner, B. R. ^{[16
]}

Potter, Jody D. ^{[9
]}

Sheibley, Richard W. ^{[7
]}

Thomas, Suzanne M. ^{[14
]}

机构：

[1] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA

[2] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN USA

[3] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA

[4] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[5] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA

[6] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA

[7] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA

[8] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA

[9] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NC USA

[10] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA

[11] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA

[12] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[13] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA

[14] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA

[15] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA

[16] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA

[17] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA

来源：

LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY | 2009年 / 54卷 / 03期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

NITROGEN EXPORT; HYPORHEIC ZONE; NITRIFICATION; SEDIMENTS; WATER; SATURATION; TRANSPORT; PATTERNS; GRADIENT; RIVERS;

D O I：

10.4319/lo.2009.54.3.0666

中图分类号：

Q [生物科学];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

We measured denitrification rates using a field N-15-NO3- tracer-addition approach in a large, cross-site study of nitrate uptake in reference, agricultural, and suburban-urban streams. We measured denitrification rates in 49 of 72 streams studied. Uptake length due to denitrification (S-Wden) ranged from 89 m to 184 km (median of 9050 m) and there were no significant differences among regions or land-use categories, likely because of the wide range of conditions within each region and land use. N-2 production rates far exceeded N2O production rates in all streams. The fraction of total NO3- removal from water due to denitrification ranged from 0.5% to 100% among streams (median of 16%), and was related to NH4+ concentration and ecosystem respiration rate (ER). Multivariate approaches showed that the most important factors controlling SWden were specific discharge (discharge / width) and NO3- concentration (positive effects), and ER and transient storage zones (negative effects). The relationship between areal denitrification rate (Uden) and NO3- concentration indicated a partial saturation effect. A power function with an exponent of 0.5 described this relationship better than a Michaelis Menten equation. Although Uden increased with increasing NO3- concentration, the efficiency of NO3- removal from water via denitrification declined, resulting in a smaller proportion of streamwater NO3- load removed over a given length of stream. Regional differences in stream denitrification rates were small relative to the proximate factors of NO3- concentration and ecosystem respiration rate, and land use was an important but indirect control on denitrification in streams, primarily via its effect on NO3- concentration.

引用

页码：666 / 680

页数：15

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