A metric for health effects studies of diesel exhaust particles

被引:113
作者
Giechaskiel, B. [1 ]
Alfoeldy, B. [2 ]
Drossinos, Y. [1 ]
机构
[1] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
[2] Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Atom Energy Res Inst, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
关键词
Nucleation mode; Accumulation mode; Active surface area; BET specific surface area; Volatile mass; NUCLEATION MODE PARTICLES; SURFACE-AREA; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; VEHICLE EXHAUST; COMBUSTION AEROSOLS; PARTICULATE MATTER; CARBON-BLACK; HEXANE SOOT; IN-VIVO; ON-ROAD;
D O I
10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.04.008
中图分类号
TQ [化学工业];
学科分类号
0817 ;
摘要
A metric for the assessment of health effects of diesel exhaust particles is proposed and a methodology to determine it from experimental data is presented. The metric treats separately the emitted volatile and non-volatile mass fractions. The appropriate metric for health related effects of the non-volatile mass fraction (primarily soot), termed the physical effect, is taken to be the particle (active) surface area distribution. The corresponding metric of the volatile mass fraction (unburned hydrocarbons, sulfates, nitrates), termed the chemical effect. is taken to be the volatile mass concentration distribution of the nucleation mode and the mass concentration distribution of the condensed volatiles on the accumulation mode. The latter is proportional to distribution of the (active) surface area concentration of the accumulation mode. A methodology to derive the distributions (metric) from filter-based mass and number distributions measurements is suggested. Nine experimental particle number distribution, emitted by light duty Euro 1, 3 and 4 vehicles, with and without diesel particulate filters or catalysts, at different speeds and using different fuels, are analyzed to determine characteristic volatile mass and non-volatile surface area concentration distributions. These distributions become the required input distributions for lung deposition calculations, thereby defining the appropriate metric to estimate health effects of diesel exhaust particles. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:639 / 651
页数:13
相关论文
共 53 条
[1]   Size-distribution dependent lung deposition of diesel exhaust particles [J].
Alfoeldy, B. ;
Giechaskiel, B. ;
Hofmann, W. ;
Drossinos, Y. .
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE, 2009, 40 (08) :652-663
[2]  
[Anonymous], ATMOSPHERIC ENV
[3]   Adsorption of gas-phase nitric acid to n-hexane soot:: Thermodynamics and mechanism [J].
Aubin, DG ;
Abbatt, JP .
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A, 2003, 107 (50) :11030-11037
[4]   Physical properties of particulate matter (PM) from late model heavy-duty diesel vehicles operating with advanced PM and NOx emission control technologies [J].
Biswas, Subhasis ;
Hu, Shaohua ;
Verma, Vishal ;
Herner, Jorn D. ;
Robertson, William H. ;
Ayala, Alberto ;
Sioutas, Constantinos .
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 2008, 42 (22) :5622-5634
[5]   Personal exposure to ultrafine particles in the workplace: Exploring sampling techniques and strategies [J].
Brouwer, DH ;
Gijsbers, JHJ ;
Lurvink, MWM .
ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE, 2004, 48 (05) :439-453
[6]   Size-dependent proinflammatory effects of ultrafine polystyrene particles: A role for surface area and oxidative stress in the enhanced activity of ultrafines [J].
Brown, DM ;
Wilson, MR ;
MacNee, W ;
Stone, V ;
Donaldson, K .
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY, 2001, 175 (03) :191-199
[7]   Real-time characterization of ultrafine and accumulation mode particles in ambient combustion aerosols [J].
Bukowiecki, N ;
Kittelson, DB ;
Watts, WF ;
Burtscher, H ;
Weingartner, E ;
Baltensperger, U .
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE, 2002, 33 (08) :1139-1154
[8]   Physical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: a review [J].
Burtscher, H .
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE, 2005, 36 (07) :896-932
[9]  
CHASE RE, 2004, 2004010967 SOC AUT E
[10]   Ultrafine (nanometre) particle mediated lung injury [J].
Donaldson, K ;
Li, XY ;
MacNee, W .
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE, 1998, 29 (5-6) :553-560