Strombolian and effusive activity as precursors to phreatomagmatism: eruptive sequence at maars of the Pinacate volcanic field, Sonora, Mexico

被引:82
作者
Gutmann, JT [1 ]
机构
[1] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA
关键词
phreatomagmatic; Strombolian; maar cinder cone;
D O I
10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00265-7
中图分类号
P [天文学、地球科学];
学科分类号
07 ;
摘要
The Pinacate volcanic field, Sonora, Mexico, contains 400 cinder cones and eight maars. It is noteworthy that most of the maar-forming, phreatomagmatic eruptions were immediately preceded by effusive and Strombolian activity rather than occurring when magma first approached the surface. The Strombolian activity may have facilitated access of groundwater to the conduits in this arid region. The field evidence suggests that phreatomagmatism is inhibited unless the magma flux is low relative to the rate of water supply and unless the top of the magma column has subsided, probably below the water table. The latter condition is difficult to prove in the absence of direct observation, and alternative hypotheses involving disturbance of the conduit system are considered. The spatial distribution of maars in the Pinacate and the lithology of their associated tuffaceous ejecta both may reflect the course of an ancient river channel whose permeable gravels were pierced by the magmatic conduits. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:345 / 356
页数:12
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