Surgical treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy with conventional techniques

Objective: We review our surgical experience using different conventional surgical techniques in the surgical treatment of the dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) in non-transplant eligible patients. Methods: In this series we included patients who fit the following criteria: ejection fraction <35%; end diastolic volume greater than or equal to 110 ml/m(2); enlargement of the base of the heart (maximal mitral diameter greater than or equal to 22 mm/m(2)) with functional mitral regurgitation; mitral surgery to be performed in every case. Moreover, two groups were considered. (A) Normal or moderately impaired right ventricular function; PAP < 45 mmHg; elective or semielective surgery. (B) Severely impaired right ventricular function; PAP greater than or equal to 45 mmHg; severe organ failure; dependency on IABP and/or inotropes; need of ICU stay. From January 1990 to September 1998, 66 patients underwent isolated mitral valve surgery (n = 30); in the remaining 36 the Batista operation (n = 21) or exclusion of akinetic areas (n = 15) were associated. The etiology was ischemic in 42, idiopathic in 23 and post-valvular in one. Results: When isolated mitral valve surgery was performed, early mortality in group A (n = 22) was 0, in group B (n = 8) 50%. Overall 5-year survival was 70.0 +/- 8.4, in group A 81.8 +/- 8.2, and in group B 37.5 +/- 17.1. When the Batista operation was performed, early mortality in group A (n = 13) was 23.1%, in group B (n = 8) 75%. Overall 2-year survival was 42.9 +/- 10.8 in group A 61.5 +/- 13.5 and in group B 25.0 +/- 15.3. When akinetic areas were excluded, early mortality in group A (n = 11) was 18.2% and in group B (n = 4) 100%. Overall 1-year survival was 53.3 +/- 12.9, in group A 72.7 +/- 13.4. Conclusion: Group A patients have better results in every cohort of patients considered. Even if patients selection seems to be the most important variable for early mortality and late survival, isolated mitral valve surgery, when feasible, provides the best early and late results. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.