Thermal balloon endometrial ablation to treat menorrhagia in high-risk surgical candidates

Objective. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of thermal balloon therapy in a subset of women with menorrhagia considered to be high-risk surgical candidates for hysteroscopic endometrial ablation or hysterectomy. Design. Prospective, observational study (Canadian Task Force classification 11-2). Setting University-affiliate teaching hospital. Patients. Women with menorrhagia, at high risk because of bleeding disorders (12), morbid obesity (6), heart-lung transplantation (2), cardiac pacemaker (2), postmenopausal bleeding (8), bowel disease with extensive adhesions and ileostomies (3), cervical stenosis (3), and other medical disorders (9). Intervention. Treatment consisted of controlled heating to 87 degrees C of 5% dextrose in water within an intrauterine latex balloon pressurized to 170 mm Hg for 8 minutes. General anesthesia was used in 28 patients (60%) and local anesthesia with or without intravenous sedation in 18 (40%). Measurements and Main Results. No intraoperative complication occurred and postoperative morbidity was minimal. Follow-up of 43 women ranged between 6 and 30 months. Overall success of the procedure was 79% (34 patients), with 33% reporting amenorrhea, 19% hypomenorrhea, 28% eumenorrhea, and 21% menorrhagia. Conclusion. Thermal balloon endometrial ablation is safe and effective in treating menorrhagia when other therapies are contraindicated or difficult to perform.