Orally delivered alprazolam, diazepam, and triazolam as reinforcers in rhesus monkeys

被引:13
作者
Gomez, TH [1 ]
Roache, JD [1 ]
Meisch, RA [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Subst Abuse Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA
关键词
benzodiazepine; alprazolam; diazepam; triazolam; acquisition; oral route; self-administration; drug reinforcement; rhesus monkey;
D O I
10.1007/s00213-002-1019-0
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Rationale: Benzodiazepines are among the most frequently prescribed drugs and are usually taken by mouth. However, there have been few studies of oral self-administration of these drugs, and the results of IV self-administration studies indicate that benzodiazepines are modest reinforcers. Objectives: To determine if orally delivered alprazolam, diazepam, and triazolam could serve as reinforcers for rhesus monkeys, and to determine some of the conditions under which benzodiazepine reinforced behavior occurs. Methods: Diazepam or midazolam was initially established as a reinforcer by a fading procedure whereby increasing concentrations were added to a 1 or 2% ethanol solution, and subsequently the ethanol concentration was decreased in steps to zero. Diazepam- and midazolam-reinforced responding persisted in the absence of ethanol. Triazolam and alprazolam served as reinforcers when substituted for diazepam or midazolam. Results: Alprazolam, diazepam, and triazolam served as effective reinforcers across a wide range of concentrations and under fixed-ratio sizes of 16 and 32. Rates of responding were usually far higher than that for the concurrently available vehicle, water. Drug intake (mg drug/kg, body weight) generally increased with increases in drug concentration. When large drug amounts were consumed, signs of intoxication were observed. Conclusions: In contrast to reports of low response rates and weakly maintained behavior, the present results show that the three benzodiazepines can serve as effective reinforcers.
引用
收藏
页码:86 / 94
页数:9
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