Comparison on the total phenol contents and the color of fresh and infrared dried olive leaves

The color (L*, a*, b* parameters), the total phenols content and the global chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates and ash) of four fresh varieties of olive leaves (Chemlali, Chemchali, Zarrazi and Chetoui) were determined. Fresh olive leaves are characterized by a green color (greenness parameter, a*, varying from -5.01 +/- 0.26 to -9.14 +/- 1.21), an intermediate moisture content (0.85 to 1.00 g/g dry matter, i.e. 46 to 50 g/100 g fresh matter) and a variable amount of total phenols according to the olive leaf variety (from approximate to 2.32 to approximate to 1.40 g caffeic acid/100 g dry matter). Fresh leaves were submitted to blanching and/or infrared drying at 40, 50, 60 and 70 degrees C in order to be stabilized by reducing their moisture contents. The impact of IR drying temperature on some quality attributes (color, total phenols and moisture rate removal) was evaluated. Nevertheless, the effect of prior blanching treatment on the quality attributes of dried leaves is less significant and it depends on the olive leaf variety. The infrared drying induces a considerable moisture removal from the fresh leaves (more than 85%) and short drying durations (varying from approximate to 162 at 40 degrees C to 15 min at 70 degrees C). IR drying temperature showed a significant effect of on total phenols content and the color of the leaves whatever the leaf variety. In fact, total phenols content of dried olive leaves increased if compared to fresh ones. For example, total phenols of Chemlali leaves increased from 1.38 +/- 0.02 (fresh leaves) to 2.13 +/- 0.29 (dried at 40 degrees C) and to 5.14 +/- 0.60 g caffeic acid/100 g dry matter (dried at 70 degrees C). IR drying allows preserving the greenness color of fresh leaves and enhancing their luminosity. It could be suggested for preserving olives leaves before their use in food or cosmetic applications. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.