Black holes from cosmic rays: Probes of extra dimensions and new limits on TeV-scale gravity

被引:205
作者
Anchordoqui, LA [1 ]
Feng, JL
Goldberg, H
Shapere, AD
机构
[1] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[2] MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[3] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
[4] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys, Lexington, KY 40502 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1103/PhysRevD.65.124027
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
If extra spacetime dimensions and low-scale gravity exist, black holes will be produced in observable collisions of elementary particles. For the next several years, ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays provide the most promising window on this phenomenon. In particular, cosmic neutrinos can produce black holes deep in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to quasihorizontal giant air showers. We determine the sensitivity of cosmic ray detectors to black hole production and compare the results to other probes of extra dimensions. With ngreater than or equal to4 extra dimensions, current bounds on deeply penetrating showers from AGASA already provide the most stringent bound on low-scale gravity, requiring a fundamental Planck scale M-D>1.3-1.8 TeV. The Auger Observatory will probe M-D as large as 4 TeV and may observe on the order of a hundred black holes in 5 years. We also consider the implications of angular momentum and possible exponentially suppressed parton cross sections; including these effects, large black hole rates are still possible. Finally, we demonstrate that even if only a few black hole events are observed, a standard model interpretation may be excluded by comparison with Earth-skimming neutrino rates.
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页数:17
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