Ultrasound of the extracerebral space in infants: State-of-the-art imaging

High resolution ultrasound (5/7,5 MHz, linear array) allows imaging of the extracerebral space in infants. A standardised state-of-the-art imaging technique is described that can be performed during routine cranial sonography. Diagnosing dilated subarachnoid space is possible by comparison to normal values. Pathological findings of the subarachnoid and subdural space can be differentiated. Evaluation of the following conditions is possible: external hydrocephalus, cortical atrophy, pyogenic meningitis, subdural hematoma and hygroma. High resolution ultrasound can add helpful information in situations in which magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography were previously needed. Since it is a noninvasive method, ultrasound is ideal for follow-up studies and hence the method of choice.