Socioeconomic status and C-reactive protein levels in the US population: NHANES IV

被引:147
作者
Alley, Dawn E. [1 ]
Seeman, Teresa E.
Kim, Jung Ki
Karlamangla, Arun
Hu, Peifeng
Crimmins, Eileen M.
机构
[1] Univ So Calif, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontol Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Div Geriatr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA
关键词
C-reactive protein; inflammation; infection; socioeconomic status; health disparities; NHANES;
D O I
10.1016/j.bbi.2005.10.003
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Using data on adults aged 20 and over from the fourth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, we examined the association between socioeconomic status and CRP in US adults (N = 7634). Socioeconomic variation in CRP occurred only at very high levels of CRP (> 10.0 mg/L). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of moderate (1.1-3.0 mg/L) or high values of CRP (3.1-10.0 mg/L) by socioeconomic status; however, among those with family income at or below the poverty level, 15.7% had very high levels of CRP (greater than 10.0 mg/L), compared to only 9.1% of those in families above the poverty level. Logistic regression results indicate that acute illness, chronic conditions, and differential health behaviors account for about two-thirds of this association. African Americans, Hispanics, and women were more likely to have high levels of CRP. Obesity was the largest risk factor for every level of CRP above normal. Results suggest that differences in very high CRP may be due to factors beyond acute illness and may also reflect chronic health, behavioral and disease processes associated with low socioeconomic status. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:498 / 504
页数:7
相关论文
共 37 条
[1]   SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH - NO EASY SOLUTION [J].
ADLER, NE ;
BOYCE, WT ;
CHESNEY, MA ;
FOLKMAN, S ;
SYME, SL .
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 1993, 269 (24) :3140-3145
[2]   Effect of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein [J].
Albert, MA ;
Glynn, RJ ;
Ridker, PM .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, 2004, 93 (02) :221-225
[3]   Alcohol consumption and plasma concentration of C-reactive protein [J].
Albert, MA ;
Glynn, RJ ;
Ridker, PM .
CIRCULATION, 2003, 107 (03) :443-447
[4]  
Callahan LF, 1995, Advances, V11, P4
[5]  
*CDC, 2004, NHANES 1999 2000 200
[6]   High sensitivity C-reactive protein: Biological variations and reference limits [J].
Chenillot, O ;
Henny, J ;
Steinmetz, J ;
Herbeth, B ;
Wagner, C ;
Siest, G .
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE, 2000, 38 (10) :1003-1011
[7]   Social status and susceptibility to respiratory infections [J].
Cohen, S .
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND HEALTH IN INDUSTRIAL NATIONS: SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS, 1999, 896 :246-253
[8]   CHANGING MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY RATES AND THE HEALTH-STATUS AND LIFE EXPECTANCY OF THE OLDER POPULATION [J].
CRIMMINS, EM ;
HAYWARD, MD ;
SAITO, Y .
DEMOGRAPHY, 1994, 31 (01) :159-175
[9]   Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses [J].
Danesh, J ;
Whincup, P ;
Walker, M ;
Lennon, L ;
Thomson, A ;
Appleby, P ;
Gallimore, JR ;
Pepys, MB .
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2000, 321 (7255) :199-204
[10]   C-reactive protein and other circulating markers of inflammation in the prediction of coronary heart disease [J].
Danesh, J ;
Wheeler, JG ;
Hirschfield, GM ;
Eda, S ;
Eiriksdottir, G ;
Rumley, A ;
Lowe, GDO ;
Pepys, MB ;
Gudnason, V .
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2004, 350 (14) :1387-1397