Graves' Ophthalmopathy

被引:219
作者
Bartalena, Luigi [1 ]
Tanda, Maria Laura [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Insubria, Dept Clin Med, Div Endocrinol, Osped Circolo, I-21100 Varese, Italy
关键词
THYROID-ASSOCIATED OPHTHALMOPATHY; METHYLPREDNISOLONE PULSE THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SINGLE-BLIND TRIAL; EUROPEAN GROUP; ORBITAL RADIOTHERAPY; RADIOIODINE THERAPY; CONSENSUS STATEMENT; ORBITOPATHY EUGOGO; CLINICAL-FEATURES;
D O I
10.1056/NEJMcp0806317
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
A 40-year-old woman who recently received a diagnosis of Graves' disease comes for a follow-up visit. She has been taking methimazole, at a dose of 10 mg daily, and is now euthyroid, but for the past 3 months, she has had bothersome eye symptoms, including redness, tearing, grittiness, photophobia, diplopia at the extremes of gaze, and ocular pain with eye movements. She smokes 10 cigarettes per day. Examination reveals exophthalmos, swelling of periorbital tissues, and limitation of eye movements. How should Graves' ophthalmopathy be managed?
引用
收藏
页码:994 / 1001
页数:8
相关论文
共 52 条
[1]   Pathophysiology of Graves' ophthalmopathy: The cycle of disease [J].
Bahn, RS .
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, 2003, 88 (05) :1939-1946
[2]   Thyrotropin receptor expression in orbital adipose/connective tissues from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy [J].
Bahn, RS .
THYROID, 2002, 12 (03) :193-195
[3]   Early versus late orbital decompression in graves' orbitopathy - A retrospective study in 125 patients [J].
BaIdeschi, L ;
Wakelkamp, IMMJ ;
Lindeboom, R ;
Prummel, MF ;
Wiersinga, WM .
OPHTHALMOLOGY, 2006, 113 (05) :874-878
[4]  
BALDESCHI L, 2007, GRAVES ORBITOPATHY M, P160
[5]   Management of Graves' ophthalmopathy: Reality and perspectives [J].
Bartalena, L ;
Pinchera, A ;
Marcocci, C .
ENDOCRINE REVIEWS, 2000, 21 (02) :168-199
[6]   Cigarette smoking and treatment outcomes in Graves ophthalmopathy [J].
Bartalena, L ;
Marcocci, C ;
Tanda, ML ;
Manetti, L ;
Dell'Unto, E ;
Bartolomei, MP ;
Nardi, M ;
Martino, E ;
Pinchera, A .
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, 1998, 129 (08) :632-635
[7]   ORBITAL COBALT IRRADIATION COMBINED WITH SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS FOR GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY - COMPARISON WITH SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS ALONE [J].
BARTALENA, L ;
MARCOCCI, C ;
CHIOVATO, L ;
LADDAGA, M ;
LEPRI, G ;
ANDREANI, D ;
CAVALLACCI, G ;
BASCHIERI, L ;
PINCHERA, A .
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, 1983, 56 (06) :1139-1144
[8]   Relation between therapy for hyperthyroidism and the course of Graves' ophthalmopathy [J].
Bartalena, L ;
Marcocci, C ;
Bogazzi, F ;
Manetti, L ;
Tanda, ML ;
Dell'Unto, E ;
Bruno-Bossio, G ;
Nardi, M ;
Bartolomei, MP ;
Lepri, A ;
Rossi, G ;
Martino, E ;
Pinchera, A .
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 1998, 338 (02) :73-78
[9]   USE OF CORTICOSTEROIDS TO PREVENT PROGRESSION OF GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY AFTER RADIOIODINE THERAPY FOR HYPERTHYROIDISM [J].
BARTALENA, L ;
MARCOCCI, C ;
BOGAZZI, F ;
PANICUCCI, M ;
LEPRI, A ;
PINCHERA, A .
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 1989, 321 (20) :1349-1352
[10]  
BARTALENA L, 2007, GRAVES ORBITOPATHY M, P229