The Th1-specific costimulatory molecule, M150, is a posttranslational isoform of lysosome-associated membrane protein-1

In an earlier report, we had shown a 150-kDa protein termed as M150, isolated from the surface of activated macrophages, to possess costimulatory activity for CD4(+) T cells. Significantly, this protein was found to specifically elicit Th1 responses. In this study, we characterize M150, which belongs to a unique subset of the lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 glycoprotein. Interestingly, the costimulatory activity of M150 depends on its posttranslational modification, which has a distinct glycosylation pattern restricted to macrophages. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that in addition to stimulating Th1-specific responses, M150 is also capable of driving differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into the Th1 subset. This altered posttranslational modification of housekeeping protein appears to represent a novel pathway by which APCs can additionally regulate T cell responses.