Motion of a two-level atom in an optical cavity

A semiclassical model of the force and momentum diffusion on a point particle is used to describe the motion of a two-level atom strongly coupled to a single Gaussian cavity mode. The effects of the momentum diffusion on the motion of an atom in a cavity are investigated in a regime similar to that of the experiment performed by Mabuchi et al. [Opt. Lett. 21, 1393 (1996)]. It is found that a slow atom quickly develops significant velocities along the cavity axis. The limited bandwidth in the experiment of Mabuchi et al. means that the full intensity signal due to atomic motion in the standing wave is filtered leading to the apparently smaller velocities observed. It is shown that a negative detuning of the laser and cavity from the atomic resonance would lead to nonzero dipole forces and significantly reduced velocities along the standing wave. An analysis of the intensity signal with a larger bandwidth is proposed, which would track the velocity of the atom along the cavity axis. These results are compared with a Monte Carlo wave-function simulation similar to that used to treat Doppler cooling.