High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the anal sphincter using a dedicated endoanal coil - Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with surgical findings

PURPOSE: To obtain high resolution images of the anal sphincter and adjacent anorectum using an endoanal coil in patients with sepsis, trauma, and low rectal tumors and to compare imaging appearances with findings at time of surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cylindrical saddle geometry coil (diameter, 9 mm; length, 75 mm) was used to examine 30 patients (mean age, 53.6 years). Pathologies included perianal sepsis (10 patients), obstetric trauma (7 patients), and low rectal tumors (13 patients). Imaging was performed on an 0.5-T Picker Asset or 1.0-T Picker HPQ Vista (Picker International, Highland Heights, OH). T-1 and T-2 weighted and short inversion time inversion recovery transverse images and T-1 weighted coronal images were obtained. Intravenous gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.1 mmol/kg) was given to all patients with suspected infection and neoplasms. RESULTS: Abscesses and fistulas identified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with perianal sepsis were confirmed at surgery in all cases; site of fistulous internal opening into the anal canal was correctly identified in 80 percent of cases. Extent of sphincter tear was correctly assessed on endoanal MRI in all patients with obstetric trauma when compared with surgical findings. Tumor invasion of anal sphincter was seen in 38.5 percent of low rectal carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: MRI with an endoanal coil provides detailed images of the site and extent of anal fistulas, sphincter tears, and local tumors and is of considerable value in preoperative assessment.