Sex chromosomes and brain gender

被引：265

作者：

Arnold, AP

机构：

[1] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Brain Res Inst, Dept Physiol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA

[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Brain Res Inst, Neuroendocrinol Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA

来源：

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE | 2004年 / 5卷 / 09期

基金：

美国国家卫生研究院;

关键词：

D O I：

10.1038/nrn1494

中图分类号：

Q189 [神经科学];

学科分类号：

071006 ;

摘要：

In birds and mammals, differences in development between the sexes arise from the differential actions of genes that are encoded on the sex chromosomes. These genes are differentially represented in the cells of males and females, and have been selected for sex-specific roles. The brain is a sexually dimorphic organ and is also shaped by sex-specific selection pressures. Genes on the sex chromosomes probably determine the gender (sexually dimorphic phenotype) of the brain in two ways: by acting on the gonads to induce sex differences in levels of gonadal secretions that have sex-specific effects on the brain, and by acting in the brain itself to differentiate XX and XY brain cells.

引用

页码：701 / 708

页数：8

共 110 条

[1] Sex differences in structure and expression of the sex chromosome genes CHD1Z and CHD1W in zebra finches
Agate, RJ
Choe, M
Arnold, AP
[J]. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, 2004, 21 (02) : 384 - 396
[2] Neural, not gonadal, origin of brain sex differences in a gynandromorphic finch
Agate, RJ
Grisham, W
Wade, J
Mann, S
Wingfield, J
Schanen, C
Palotie, A
Arnold, AP
[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2003, 100 (08) : 4873 - 4878
[3] Brain estradiol content in newborn rats:: Sex differences, regional heterogeneity, and possible de novo synthesis by the female telencephalon
Amateau, SK
Alt, JJ
Stamps, CL
McCarthy, MM
[J]. ENDOCRINOLOGY, 2004, 145 (06) : 2906 - 2917
[4] [Anonymous], 1983, Evolution of Sex Determining Mechanisms
[5] HIGH-FREQUENCY DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES IN P53-DEFICIENT MICE
ARMSTRONG, JF
KAUFMAN, MH
HARRISON, DJ
CLARKE, AR
[J]. CURRENT BIOLOGY, 1995, 5 (08) : 931 - 936
[6] Arnold AP, 1997, J NEUROBIOL, V33, P572, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(19971105)33:5<572::AID-NEU6>3.0.CO
[7] 2-1
[8] GONADAL-STEROID INDUCTION OF STRUCTURAL SEX-DIFFERENCES IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM
ARNOLD, AP
GORSKI, RA
[J]. ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE, 1984, 7 : 413 - 442
[9] The gender of the voice within: the neural origin of sex differences in the brain
Arnold, AP
[J]. CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY, 2003, 13 (06) : 759 - 764
[10] Are XX and XY brain cells intrinsically different?
Arnold, AP
Burgoyne, PS
[J]. TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM, 2004, 15 (01) : 6 - 11

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →