Anticonvulsant activity of topiramate and phenytoin in a rat model of ischemia-induced epilepsy

Topiramate, a structurally novel anticonvulsant, and phenytoin were evaluated in a rat model of ischemia-induced epilepsy. In this model a transient global cerebral ischemia is induced by cardiac compression. By precisely controlling the experimental conditions the procedure causes reproducible neurological deficits that include audiogenic epileptic seizures. The seizures can be broadly separated into three types reflecting the degree of severity: wild running, clonic seizures, and tonic extension seizures of the forelimbs and hindlimbs. Topiramate and phenytoin blocked all three types of seizures. Calculated ED(50) values for topiramate 1 hr after oral administration were 8.2, 13.0 and 36.1 mg/kg for blockade of tonic extension seizures, clonic seizures and wild running, respectively. Corresponding ED(50) values for phenytoin were 5.0, 10.8 and 20.7 mg/kg. These results support the concept that the anticonvulsant activity of these drugs is due primarily to an ability to block the spread of seizures.