Intraplane to interplane optical interconnects with a high diffraction efficiency electro-optic grating

We report on a new optical interconnect architecture for three-dimensional, multiple electro-optic gratings with LiNbO3 used in conjunction with substrate guided waves. First the operating mechanism of the system is studied in detail, and the momentum mismatch in the operating process of the system is also demonstrated. We then derive a new method for calculating coupling efficiency by introducing a compensation for the mismatch. This theoretical research allows the new optical interconnect architecture to provide a higher design accuracy and an optimized coupling efficiency, even though it is under the case of momentum mismatch. We achieve this result by introducing a substrate guided wave with 45 degrees bouncing angle and 100-V applied voltage. The successful design and its theoretical analysis will be helpful for research on the grating coupler. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America.