Dietary phenolics: chemistry, bioavailability and effects on health

被引:1392
作者
Crozier, Alan [1 ]
Jaganath, Indu B. [2 ]
Clifford, Michael N. [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Glasgow, Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Div Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland
[2] Malaysian Agr Res & Dev Inst, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
[3] Univ Surrey, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Ctr Nutr & Food Safety, Food Safety Res Grp, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England
关键词
PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NF-KAPPA-B; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; POMEGRANATE JUICE CONSUMPTION; ANTIOXIDANT-RESPONSE ELEMENT; CHLOROGENIC ACID LACTONES; BLACK TEA POLYPHENOL; GREEN TEA; COFFEE CONSUMPTION; HUMAN PLASMA;
D O I
10.1039/b802662a
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
There is much epidemiological evidence that diets rich in fruit and vegetables can reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and stroke. These protective effects are attributed, in part, to phenolic secondary metabolites. This review summarizes the chemistry, biosynthesis and occurrence of the compounds involved, namely the C-6-C-3-C-6 flavonoids - anthocyanins, dihydrochalcones, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols and isoflavones. It also includes tannins, phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamates and stilbenes and the transformation of plant phenols associated with food processing (for example, production of black tea, roasted coffee and matured wines), these latter often being the major dietary sources. Events that occur following ingestion are discussed, in particular, the deglycosylation, glucuronidation, sulfation and methylation steps that occur at various points during passage through the wall of the small intestine into the circulatory system and subsequent transport to the liver in the portal vein. We also summarise the fate of compounds that are not absorbed in the small intestine, but which pass into the large intestine where they are degraded by the colonic microflora to phenolic acids, which can be absorbed into the circulatory system and subjected to phase II metabolism prior to excretion. Initially, the protective effect of dietary phenolics was thought to be due to their antioxidant properties which resulted in a lowering of the levels of free radicals within the body. However, there is now emerging evidence that the metabolites of dietary phenolics, which appear in the circulatory system in nmol/L to low mu mol/L concentrations, exert modulatory effects in cells through selective actions on different components of the intracellular signalling cascades vital for cellular functions such as growth, proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, the intracellular concentrations required to affect cell signalling pathways are considerably lower than those required to impact on antioxidant capacity. The mechanisms underlying these processes are discussed.
引用
收藏
页码:1001 / 1043
页数:43
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