Chiral separation mechanisms in protein-based HPLC columns .2. Kinetic studies of (R)- and (S)-warfarin binding to immobilised human serum albumin

This work used plate height measurements to investigate the kinetics of (R)- and (S)-warfarin binding to an immobilized HSA column. The dissociation rate constants for (R)- and (S)-warfarin on this column increased from 0.06 to 1.9 s(-1) and from 0.06 to 0.36 s(-1) between 4 and 45 degrees C, The corresponding association rate constants increased from 2.4 x 10(4) to 3.2 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) for (R)-warfarin and from 4.4 x 10(4) to 7.2 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) for (S)-warfarin over the same temperature range. From the dissociation data, it was found that an increase in temperature led to a large decrease in the plate height due to stationary phase mass transfer for both enantiomers, Further studies indicated that (R)- and (S)-warfarin had similar activation energies for their binding to HSA. For (R)-warfarin, most of this energy requirement was due to the change in enthalpy of the system, while for (S)-warfarin, it was mainly due to the change in entropy. All of these results agree with an earlier model, in which (R)- and (S)-warfarin were proposed to interact with regions on the interior and exterior of HSA, respectively. In addition, these results offer a number of useful insights into the mechanisms of protein-based chiral separations.