Phage φC31 integrase-mediated genomic integration of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain in human T-cell lines

Background: X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1, X-SCID) is a life-threatening disease caused by a mutated common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma c) gene. Although ex vivo gene therapy, i.e., transduction of the gamma c gene into autologous CD34+ cells, has been successful for treating SCID-X1, the retrovirus vector-mediated transfer allowed dysregulated integration, causing leukemias. Here, to explore an alternative gene transfer methodology that may offer less risk of insertional mutagenesis, we employed the phi C31 integrase-based integration system using human T-cell lines, including the gamma c-deficient ED40515(-). Methods: A phi C31 integrase and a neo(r) gene expression plasmid containing the phi C31 attB sequence were co-delivered by electroporation into Jurkat cells. After 6418 selection, integration site analyses were performed using linear amplification mediated-polymerase chain reaction (LAM-PCR). ED40515(-) cells were also transfected with a gamma c expression plasmid containing attB, and the integration sites were determined. IL-2 stimulation was used to assess the functionality of the transduced gamma c in an ED40515(-)-derived clone. Results: Following co-introduction of the phi C31 integrase expression plasmid and the plasmid carrying attB, the efficiency of integration into the unmodified human genome was assessed. Several integration sites were characterized, including new integration sites in intergenic regions on chromosomes 13 and 18 that may be preferred in hematopoietic cells. An ED40515 (-) line bearing the integrated gamma c gene exhibited stable expression of the gamma c protein, with normal IL-2 signaling, as assessed by STAT5 activation. Conclusions: This study supports the possible future use of this OC31 integrase-mediated genomic integration strategy as an alternative gene therapy approach for treating SCID-X1. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.