Long-rod penetration into highly oblique, water-filled targets

Two and three-dimensional numerical simulations have been conducted to help better understand the penetration and perforation of chemical submunition targets by tungsten-alloy long-rod projectiles. In particular, the computational results are analyzed to assess modeling assumptions in the application of the modified Bernoulli model of Tate to this class of problems. For the study, the chemical submunitions were treated as long steel cylinders filled with water. Impacts near the submunition ends were neglected. Many of the simulations conducted looked at rod penetration through two successive submunitions. For purposes of the computational study, the cylinders were idealized as flat plates. The study considered three impact obliquities (60 degrees, 70 degrees, and 80 degrees) and two impact velocities (2.0 and 4.0 km/s). Penetration velocities, erosion rates, and the effects of a finite projectile diameter were investigated as a function of obliquity and impact velocity. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.