What retroviruses teach us about the involvement of c-Myc in leukemias and lymphomas

被引:30
作者
Dudley, JP
Mertz, JA
Rajan, L
Lozano, M
Broussard, DR
机构
[1] Univ Texas, Sect Mol Genet & Microbiol, Austin, TX 78705 USA
[2] Univ Texas, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78705 USA
关键词
retroviruses; c-Myc; proto-oncogenes; leukemias; lymphomas;
D O I
10.1038/sj.leu.2402451
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Overexpression of the cellular oncogene c-Myc frequently occurs during induction of leukemias and lymphomas in many species. Retroviruses have enhanced our understanding of the role of c-Myc in such tumors. Leukemias and lymphomas induced by retroviruses activate c-Myc by: (1) use of virally specified proteins that increase c-Myc transcription, (2) transduction and modification of c-Myc to generate a virally encoded form of the gene, v-Myc, and (3) proviral integration in or near c-Myc. Proviral integrations elevate transcription by insertion of retroviral enhancers found in the long terminal repeat (LTR). Studies of the LTR enhancer elements from these retroviruses have revealed the importance of these elements for c-Myc activation in several cell types. Retroviruses also have been used to identify genes that collaborate with c-Myc during development and progression of leukemias and lymphomas. In these experiments, animals that are transgenic for c-Myc overexpression (often in combination with the overexpression or deletion of known proto-oncogenes) have been infected with retroviruses that then insertionally activate novel co-operating cellular genes. The retrovirus then acts as a molecular 'tag' for cloning of these genes. This review covers several aspects of c-Myc involvement in retrovirally induced leukemias and lymphomas.
引用
收藏
页码:1086 / 1098
页数:13
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