Rapid and multiband variability of the TeV bright active nucleus of the galaxy IC 310

被引：55

作者：

Aleksie, J. ^{[1
]}

Antonelli, L. A. ^{[2
]}

Antoranz, P. ^{[3
,4
]}

Babic, A. ^{[5
,6
]}

de Almeida, U. Barres ^{[7
]}

Barrio, J. A. ^{[8
]}

Becerra Gonzalez, J. ^{[9
]}

Bednarek, W. ^{[10
]}

Berger, K. ^{[9
,11
]}

Bernardini, E. ^{[12
]}

Biland, A. ^{[13
]}

Blanch, O. ^{[1
]}

Bock, R. K. ^{[7
]}

Boller, A. ^{[13
]}

Bonnefoy, S. ^{[8
]}

Bonnoli, G. ^{[2
]}

Tridon, D. Borla ^{[7
]}

Borracci, F. ^{[7
]}

Bretz, T. ^{[14
]}

Carmona, E. ^{[15
]}

Carosi, A. ^{[2
]}

Carreto Fidalgo, D. ^{[8
,14
]}

Colin, P. ^{[7
]}

Colombo, E. ^{[9
]}

Contreras, J. L. ^{[8
]}

Cortina, J. ^{[1
]}

Cossio, L. ^{[16
,17
]}

Covino, S. ^{[2
]}

Da Vela, P. ^{[3
,4
]}

Dazzi, F. ^{[16
,17
]}

De Angelis, A. ^{[16
,17
]}

De Caneva, G. ^{[12
]}

Delgado Mendez, C. ^{[15
]}

De Lotto, B. ^{[16
,17
]}

Doert, M. ^{[18
]}

Dominguez, A. ^{[19
]}

Dominis Prester, D. ^{[5
,6
]}

Dorner, D. ^{[14
]}

Doro, M. ^{[20
,21
,22
,23
]}

Eisenacher, D. ^{[14
]}

Elsaesser, D. ^{[14
]}

Farina, E. ^{[24
]}

Ferenc, D. ^{[5
,6
]}

Fonseca, M. V. ^{[8
]}

Font, L. ^{[22
,23
]}

Fruck, C. ^{[7
]}

Garcia Lopez, R. J. ^{[9
,11
]}

Garczarczyk, M. ^{[9
]}

Terrats, D. Garrido ^{[22
,23
]}

Gaug, M. ^{[22
,23
]}

机构：

[1] IFAE, Bellaterra 08193, Spain

[2] INAF Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy

[3] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy

[4] INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy

[5] Univ Rijeka, Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskov Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[6] Univ Split, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[7] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany

[8] Univ Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

[9] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain

[10] Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland

[11] Univ La Laguna, Depto Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38206, Spain

[12] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany

[13] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

[14] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany

[15] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, Madrid 28040, Spain

[16] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy

[17] INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy

[18] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany

[19] Inst Astrofis Andalucia CSIC, Granada 18080, Spain

[20] Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[21] INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[22] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Unitat Fis Radiac, Dept Fis, Bellaterra 08193, Spain

[23] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CERES IEEC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain

[24] Univ Insubria, I-22100 Como, Italy

[25] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain

[26] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, Piikkio 21500, Finland

[27] Kyoto Univ, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Div Phys & Astron, Kahiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan

[28] Inst Nucl Energy Res, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria

[29] Univ Barcelona ICC IEEC, Barcelona 08028, Spain

[30] INAF Osservatorio Astron, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

[31] INFN, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

[32] Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy

[33] INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy

[34] ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain

[35] UAM CSIC, Inst Fis Teor, Madrid 28049, Spain

[36] Dr Karl Remeis Observ, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany

[37] Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany

[38] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2014年 / 563卷

基金：

美国国家航空航天局; 芬兰科学院; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

galaxies: active; galaxies: individual: IC 310; gamma rays: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; PERSEUS CLUSTER; RADIO GALAXIES; CENTAURUS; CATALOG; FLARES; M87; RADIATION; SYSTEM;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/201321938

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Context. The radio galaxy IC 310 has recently been identified as a gamma-ray emitter based on observations at GeV energies with Fermi-LAT and at very high energies (VHE, E > 100 GeV) with the MAGIC telescopes. Originally classified as a head-tail radio galaxy, the nature of this object is subject of controversy since its nucleus shows blazar-like behavior. Aims. To understand the nature of IC310 and the origin of the VHE emission, we studied the spectral and flux variability of IC 310 from the X-ray band to the VHE gamma-ray regime. Methods. The light curve of IC310 above 300GeV has been measured with the MAGIC telescopes from 2009 October to 2010 February. Contemporaneous Fermi-LAT data (2008-2011) in the 10-500 GeV energy range were also analyzed. In the X-ray regime, archival observations from 2003 to 2007 with XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Swift-XRT in the 0.5-10 keV band were studied. Results. The VHE light curve reveals several high-amplitude and short-duration flares. Day-to-day flux variability is clearly present (>5 sigma). The photon index between 120 GeV and 8 TeV remains at the value Gamma similar to 2.0 during both low and high flux states. The VHE spectral shape does not show significant variability, whereas the flux at 1 TeV changes by a factor of similar to 7. Fermi-LAT detected only eight gamma-ray events in the energy range 10 GeV-500 GeV in three years of observation. The measured photon index of Gamma = 1.3 +/- 0.5 in the Fermi-LAT range is very hard. The X-ray measurements show strong variability in both flux and photon index. The latter varied from 1.76 +/- 0.07 to 2.55 +/- 0.07. Conclusions. The rapid variability measured in gamma-rays and X-rays confirms the blazar-like behavior of IC310. The multi-TeV gamma-ray emission seems to originate from scales of less than 80 Schwarzschild radii (for a black hole mass of 2 x 10(8) M-circle dot) within the compact core of its FR I radio jet with orientation angle 10 degrees-38 degrees. The spectral energy distribution resembles that of an extreme blazar, albeit the luminosity is more than two orders of magnitude lower.

引用

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