Photochemically immobilized polymer coatings: effects on protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and leukocyte activation

Amphiphilic chains of 4-benzoylbenzoic acid moieties and polymer were photochemically immobilized onto silicone rubber to ask whether the covalently coupled polymers would passivate the silicone rubber by inhibiting protein adsorption and subsequent cell adhesion and activation. Three groups of polymers were utilized: the hydrophilic synthetic polymers of polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone; the glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronic acid; and poly(glycine-valine-glycine-valine-proline), a polypeptide derived from the sequence of elastin. Each coating variant decreased the adsorption of fibrinogen and immunoglobulin G compared to uncoated silicone rubber. All except the methoxy-polyethylene glycol coating nearly abolished fibroblast growth, but none of the coating variants inhibited monocyte or polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion. Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion by leukocytes were not statistically different between any of the coating variants and uncoated silicone rubber. However, the methoxy-polyethylene glycol and elastin-based polypeptide coatings, which supported the highest numbers of adherent monocytes, also elicited the lowest levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretion. When these in vitro data were collectively evaluated, the coating that most effectively passivated silicone rubber was the polypeptide derived from elastin.