Adsorption of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin from aqueous solution onto granular activated carbon in fixed bed column

Carbonization of Phoenix dactylifera L stones followed by microwave K2CO3 activation was adopted for preparation of granular activated carbon (KAC). High yield and favorable pore characteristics in terms of surface area and pore volume were reported for KAC as follows: 44%, 852 m(2)/g, and 0.671 cm(3)/g, respectively. The application of KAC as adsorbent for attraction of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) was investigated using fixed bed systems. The effect of flow rate (0.5-1.5 ml/min), bed height (15-25 cm), and initial drug concentration (75-225 mg/l) on the behavior of breakthrough curves was explained. The fixed bed analysis showed the better correlation of breakthrough data by both Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. Inlet drug concentration was of greatest effect on breakthrough data compared to other fixed bed variables. Experimental and calculated breakthrough data were obtained for CIP and NOR adsorption on KAC, thus being important for design of fixed bed column.