Tube hydroforming: state-of-the-art and future trends

With the availability of advanced machine designs and controls, tube hydroforming has become an economic alternative to various stamping processes. The technology is relatively new so that there is no large "knowledge base" to assist the product and process designers. This paper reviews the fundamentals of tube hydroforming technology and discusses how various parameters, such as tube material properties, pre-form geometry, lubrication and process control affect product design and quality. In addition, relations between process variables and achievable past geometry are discussed. Finally, using examples, the status of the current technology and critical issues for future development are reviewed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.