Gastrointestinal malformations in Funen County, Denmark - Epidemiology, associated malformations, surgery and mortality

Aim: To report the epidemiology, associated malformations, morbidity and mortality for the first 5 years of life for infants with gastrointestinal malformations (GIM). Methods: Population-based study using data from a registry of congenital malformations (Eurocat) and follow-up data from hospital records. The study included livebirths, fetal deaths with a gestational age of 20 weeks and older and induced abortions after prenatal diagnosis of malformations born during the period 1980-1993. Results: A total of 109 infants/fetuses with 118 GIM were included in the study giving a prevalence of 15.3 (12.6-18.5) cases per 10 000 births. Anal atresia was present in seven of the 9 cases with more than one GIM. There were 38 cases (35%) with associated malformations and/or karyotype anomalies. Thirty-two of the 90 live-born infants died during the first 5 years of life with the majority of deaths during the first week of life. Mortality was significantly increased for infants with associated malformations or karyotype anomalies compared to infants with isolated GIM (p < 0.01). An uneventful surgical course was reported for 74% of the 58 survivors. Conclusions: The prognosis for infants with GIM is highly dependent on the presence of associated malformations or karyotype anomalies. Surgery for GIM can be performed with low mortality. Morbidity is high for a small group of infants, but the majority of survivors have an uncomplicated surgical course.