Fiscalisation of land use, urban growth boundaries and non-central retail sprawl in the western United States

Do the ways that local governments raise own-source revenue and/or use urban growth boundaries exert distinct influences on the occurrence of retail activity outside a metropolitan area's central places? This question is addressed in this paper through a regression analysis that also accounts for economic factors that provide clear reasons for retail activity to locate in non-central places. Results indicate that state-wide reliance by municipalities on some forms of own-source revenue exert significant positive influences on retail sales in non-central places in metropolitan areas in the western US. 'Excessive' retail decentralisation generated through this 'fiscalisation of land use' is presented within the widely discussed concept of 'urban sprawl'. The continuing presence of one form of urban growth boundary is also found to reduce retail decentralisation.