Mechanisms of desmosome assembly and disassembly

In skin, desmosomes constitute critical adhesion complexes between adjacent keratinocytes that help maintain an intact epidermis. However, individual keratinocytes need to migrate and differentiate and therefore desmosomes must have an inherent dynamic capacity to assemble and disassemble. This review highlights the role of the different structural junctional components involved in desmosome formation and turnover, as well as the possible signalling processes and pathways that may be implicated in desmosome homeostasis. Clues to the intricate nature of desmosome assembly and disassembly have been derived from human inherited and acquired blistering skin diseases as well as animal models and basic cell biology studies. The key implications for understanding desmosome dynamics from these findings are summarized in this review.