A comparison of the postures assumed when using laptop computers and desktop computers

This study evaluated the postural implications of using a laptop computer, Laptop computer screens and keyboards are joined, and are therefore unable to be adjusted separately in terms of screen height and distance, and keyboard height and distance, The posture required for their use is likely to be constrained, as little adjustment can be made for the anthropometric differences of users, In addition to the postural constraints, the study looked at discomfort levels and performance when using laptops as compared with desktops, Statistical analysis showed significantly greater neck flexion and head tilt with laptop use, The other body angles measured (trunk, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and scapula and neck protraction/retraction) showed no statistical differences, The average discomfort experienced after using the laptop for 20min, although appearing greater than the discomfort experienced after using the desktop, was not significantly greater, When using the laptop, subjects tended to perform better than when using the desktop, though not significantly so, Possible reasons for the results are discussed and implications of the fundings outlined. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.