Genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change of ADHD symptoms between 8 and 13 years of age: A longitudinal twin study

被引:132
作者
Larsson, JO
Larsson, H
Lichtenstein, P
机构
[1] Karolinska Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
[2] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden
关键词
attention -deficit/hyperactivity disorder; longitudinal study; stability; change; twin study;
D O I
10.1097/01.chi.0000135622.05219.bf
中图分类号
B844 [发展心理学(人类心理学)];
学科分类号
040202 ;
摘要
Objective: To study the genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms between 8 and 9 and 13 and 14 years of age. Method: The sample included 1,480 twin pairs born in Sweden between May 1985 and December 1986. At wave 1 in 1994, when twins were 8-9 years old, 1,106 (75%) of the parents responded to a mailed questionnaire, and at wave 2 when the twins were 13-14 years old, 1,063 (73%) responded. A checklist with 14 items based on the 14 DSM-III-R symptoms for ADHD was completed. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results: A relatively high stability of ADHD symptoms over this 5-year period was found. This continuity was mainly due to the same genetic effects operating at both points in time. Change in symptoms between childhood and early adolescence was to a large extent due to new genetic effects in early adolescence but also due to new nonshared environmental effects that became important during adolescence. Conclusions: The genetic stability highlights the importance of the continuing search for genes and endophenotypes of ADHD.
引用
收藏
页码:1267 / 1275
页数:9
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