Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences

被引：80

作者：

Nicholls, Adam R. ^{[1
]}

Polman, Remco C. J. ^{[2
]}

Levy, Andrew R. ^{[3
]}

Backhouse, Susan H. ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Hull, Dept Psychol, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England

[2] Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Appl Sport & Exercise Sci, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England

[3] Univ Leeds, Ctr Sport & Exercise Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

[4] Leeds Metropolitan Univ, Carnegie Res Inst, Leeds LS1 3HE, W Yorkshire, England

来源：

PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES | 2009年 / 47卷 / 01期

关键词：

Mental toughness; Gender; Achievement level; Skill; Chronological age;

D O I：

10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.006

中图分类号：

B84 [心理学];

学科分类号：

04 ; 0402 ;

摘要：

It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in mental toughness among athletes of different: (a) achievement level, (b) gender, (c) age, (d) sporting experience, and (e) sport type (team vs. individual and contact vs. non-contact sports). Participants were 677 athletes and consisted of sports performers competing at international (n = 60), national (n = 99), county (n = 198), club/university (n = 289), and beginner (n = 3 1) levels. Results revealed a significant relationship between mental toughness and gender, age, and sporting experience. However, achievement level and the type of sport an athlete participated in was not significantly associated with mental toughness. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：73 / 75

页数：3

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